Lesson VI
Theme: Types of Legal Professions in Great Britain
Types of Legal Professions
SOLICITORS
There are about 50,000 solicitors, а number which is rapidly increasing, and they make up by far the largest branch of the legal profession in England and Wales. They are found in every town, where they deal with all the day-today work of preparing legal documents for buying and selling houses, making wills, etc. Solicitors also work on court cases for their clients, prepare cases for barristers to present in the higher courts, and may represent their client in а Magistrates' court.
BARRISTERS
There are about 5,000 barristers who defend or prosecute in the higher courts. Although solicitors and barristers work together on cases, barristers specialize in representing clients in court and the training and career structures for the two types of lawyer are quite separate. In court, barristers wear wigs and gowns in keeping with the extreme formality of the proceedings. The highest level of barristers have the title QC (Queen' s Counsel).
JUDGES
There are а few hundred judges, trained as barristers, who preside in more serious cases. There is no separate training for judges.
JURY
А jury consist of twelve people ("jurors"), who are ordinary people chosen at random from the Electoral Register (the list of people who can vote in elections). The jury listen to the evidence given in court in certain criminal cases and decide whether the defendant is guilty or innocent. If the person is found guilty, the punishment is passed by the presiding judge. Juries are rarely used in civil cases.
MAGISTRATES
There are about 30,000 magistrates (Justices of the Peace or JPs), who judge cases in the lower courts. They are usually unpaid and have no formal legal qualifications, but they are respectable people who are given some training.
CORONERS
Coroners have medical or legal training (or both), and inquire into violent or unnatural deaths.
CLERKS OF THE COURT
Clerks look after administrative and legal matters in the courtroom.
Active Vocabulary
Solicitor — поверенный
Barrister - барристер, адвокат
То represent the client in а court - представлять клиента в суде
То defend - запрещать
То prosecute - обвинять, подать в суд
Jury - присяжный заседатель
At random - наугад
Ordinary - обычный
То vote - голосовать
To listen to the evidence - заслушивать показание
Defendant - подзащитный
Innocent - невиновный
Guilty - виновный
Punishment - наказание
Presiding judge - председатель суда
Court room - зал судебных заседаний